Tracking Down the Source of Static and Noise
The first step in finding the source of car audio static or noise is to determine whether the problem is with the radio, accessories such as a built-in CD player, or external accessories like your iPhone. To do this, turn on the head unit so that you can hear the offending noise. When the noise is only present when the engine is turned on, and it changes in pitch along with the engine’s RPM, the problem probably has to do with the alternator. This type of car speaker whine can usually be fixed by installing a noise filter. If the noise is present regardless of whether the engine is running, take note of any audio sources associated with the noise and move on.
Fixing AM/FM Car Radio Static
If you only hear the static when listening to the radio and not when listening to CDs or any auxiliary audio sources, the problem is either with the antenna, the tuner, or an external source of interference. To determine the source of the interference, remove the head unit, locate the antenna wire, and perform other related operations. The steps of this process include:
Fixing Other Sources of Car Audio Static
If static occurs when you plug in an auxiliary audio source, such as an iPod or a satellite radio tuner, and it doesn’t occur when you listen to the radio or CD player, you’re dealing with a ground loop. If that’s the case, locate the source of the ground loop and fix it, although installing a ground loop isolator may be an easier way to tackle the problem. Adding a car antenna booster might improve poor reception but not much with static. You may be experiencing “picket-fencing” caused by tall buildings, hills, or other obstructions in the area. There is little you can do about this. If the connection is loose, corroded, or rusted, tighten, clean, or relocate it as needed. Do not ground the head unit in the same location as any other component because that can create a ground loop that results in a whine or hum. If removing the antenna gets rid of the static, then the interference is likely being introduced somewhere along the run of the antenna cable. If that doesn’t fix the problem or you don’t find any potential sources of interference, you may need to replace the antenna. If that gets rid of the noise, reinstall the head unit carefully so that the wires remain in the same basic position. In other cases, you may find that you hear static regardless of which audio source you select. If you hear the noise when listening to the radio, CD player, and auxiliary audio sources, you might still be dealing with a ground loop problem, or noise is being introduced somewhere else in the system. To figure out where, refer to the previous section to rule out the ground and power wires. If you have an amplifier, it can also be a source of the noise.
Ruling Out the Amplifier
To determine if the noise is coming from the amp, disconnect the patch cables from the amp’s input. If the noise goes away, reconnect them to the amp and disconnect them from the head unit. If the noise comes back, check how they are routed. If the patch cables are routed near any power cables, rerouting them may fix the problem. If they are correctly routed, replacing them with higher quality, better-shielded patch cables may fix the problem. If it doesn’t, a ground loop isolator may do the trick. If you hear a noise with the patch cables disconnected from the amplifier inputs, examine the amplifier. If any portion of the amp is in contact with bare metal, relocate it or mount it on a nonconductive spacer made of wood or rubber. If that doesn’t fix the problem, or the amp wasn’t in contact with the vehicle frame or chassis, check the amp’s ground wire. It should be less than two feet long and tightly attached to a good ground somewhere on the chassis. If it isn’t, install a ground wire of the proper length and attach it to a known good ground. If that doesn’t fix the problem or the ground was good to begin with, the amp may be faulty.
